How to Organize Instructional Planning for Effective Teaching?

Organizing Instruction
Content alone is not enough to make any educational or training program successful; how it is organized plays a major role. Chapter 7 of Brown and Green's book provides important information on how to organize instructional activities.

1. Scope and Sequence of the Curriculum:

Two things should be considered when making any instructional plan:

• Scope: This refers to the amount of information or content to be included.
• Sequence: This determines the timeline of what information will be taught at what time and in what order.

2. Classification of Experience (Dale’s Cone of Experience):

The experiences we use when teaching students are of different nature. This can be understood through 'Dale’s Cone of Experience':

• Enactive: Learning by doing or touching directly (e.g., experiments in a laboratory)
• Iconic: Learning through pictures, videos, or demonstrations.
• Symbolic: Learning by reading or listening to words, sounds, or symbols.

3. Types of Curriculum Organization:

The curriculum can be organized in two ways:

• Vertical Organization: This shows how the complexity of the subject increases from one grade to another (for example, from grade 1 to 2).
• Horizontal Organization: This involves how to make connections between different subjects at the same level.

Conclusion:

While organizing learning activities, we should always consider the needs of the students and the available resources. Only when we move learning from the 'concrete' to the 'abstract', learning becomes effective and sustainable.

ADDIE Model: A Guide to Instructional Design

The ADDIE model is the most popular and effective model in the world of Instructional Design. It helps to make any training or educational course systematic and result-oriented. The word ADDIE is an acronym for its five main phases: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation.

Here is a detailed explanation of these five phases:

1. Analysis

This is the first and most important phase. In this phase, the need for training is identified.

Goal Setting: What the student or employee needs to learn is determined.

Audience Identification: Who is being taught and what their current knowledge is.

Resources and Budget: The available resources, time, and budget are determined.

2. Design

A ‘blueprint’ or blueprint is prepared here based on the information obtained from the analysis.

Course Sequence: The materials to be taught are logically sequenced.

Storyboarding: Initial outlines (Storyboards) for the video or e-learning module are prepared.

Strategy: The method of teaching (digital or print) is decided.

3. Development

The outline made in the design phase is given a real shape here.

Content Creation: The videos required for the training are recorded, e-learning materials are created and handbooks are prepared.

Pilot Testing: The prepared materials are tested in a small group so that any mistakes can be corrected.

4. Implementation

In this phase, the training or course prepared is actually delivered to the learners.

Delivery: Participants receive the materials via video, e-learning portal or classroom.

Participation: Learners actively participate in the training.

5. Evaluation

The evaluation process continues from the beginning to the end of the training. It has two aspects:

Formative Evaluation: It is carried out continuously throughout the other four phases so that obstacles that arise during the training can be corrected in a timely manner.

Summative Evaluation: It is carried out after the training is completed. It checks how effective the training was and whether the set goals were achieved.

Conclusion:

The ADDIE model is not just a linear process, but a process based on each other. It provides a solid foundation to make learning simple, systematic and successful in any educational or organizational environment.